نشریه طلوع بهداشت
سال چهاردهم شماره 5 (پیاپی 53، آذر و دی 1394)

The elderly age has its own special needs and difficulties. The present study aimed to determine health status and health needs of the elderly in Ilam Province. Through this descriptive analytical cross sectional study, 1012 elderly residents in eight cities of Ilam province were selected based on an appropriate proportion and hen were interviewed face to face completing a valid and reliable questionnaire. Analyzing the study data was performed by ANOVA test applying SPSS software and p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Out of 1012 participants, 60.5% were males and 39.5% were females. Mean age was 71.1±8.02 year, and the most age group was 65-69. Overall, 38/6% were covered by health insurance organizations. Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure of participants were 13.38 and 11.76 respectively. The mean BMI of the study population was 25.72, 36.1% were reported to have heart disease history, 15% had diabetes, 22.5% had respiratory problems and 16.3% were addicted to cigarettes. Moreover, 45.3% had history of surgery, 72.8% experienced joint pain, 64.6% reported skeletal pain and 12.6% had history of stroke. Falling from height (18%) was demonstrated the highest rate of accidents for the elderly. The prevalent health problems of old people in Ilam mainly referrs to non-communicable disorders specifically cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Health promoting interventions seem to be necessitated for the elderly in order to have a healthy elderly life.

Considering the important role of industry in polluting the environment, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of chemical coagulation together with advanced oxidation (peroxone) regarding dye wastewater treatment of appliance factories. This study was experimental, which it’s pilot-scale was conducted on the wastewater of the painting appliance Factory. The sample was selected via the combined sampling procedure. The processes used in the present study consisted of chemical coagulation and advanced oxidation (peroxone) processes and 250 samples were analyzed. MgCl2, PAC and FeCl3, Bentonite, Cationic Polymer were used for chemical coagulation. The used equipments consisted of Spectrophotometer DR 2000, Jar taste and a ozonation reactor. COD and dye of samples were measured according to standard method. The results revealed that each of the coagulants in its optimal pH were able to arrange the magnesium chloride 86.85%, poly aluminum chloride 88.47% and ferric chloride 85.41% in removal of COD. Poly aluminum chloride achieved the highest dye removal 90.92%. Furthermore, the highest COD removal efficiency was related to the combination of magnesium chloride (1.4 mg/l), poly aluminum chloride (0.6 mg/l) and cationic polymers (0.4 mg/l) with an efficiency of 89.11%, which managed to remove the dye up to 93.38%. COD removal efficiency reached to 99.67% using advanced oxidation process by peroxone method on pretreated wastewater (with chemical coagulation). For better performance of peroxone treatment, the wastewater should be pretreated for removal of dissolved solids. As a result, due to its suspension status of using peroxone method together chemical coagulation has a high capability to remove COD and dye from appliance Factore, s wastewater.

Vitamin D deficiency and type 2 diabetes are both common diseases. Numerous studies have examined the relationship between the two. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glycemic status, lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with diabetes. Type of systematic review and meta-analysis, which is actually a review on the studies available. Beginning a search extensively on electronic resources English, including EMBASE, Web of science, Medline Scopus and Who and electronic resources Persian including SID and Google scholar for diabetes-related research papers do. The test of heterogeneity, studies with significant heterogeneity in vitamin D, HOMA-IR and insulin sensitivity were the random effects model was used and the mean difference and 95% confidence intervals between the two groups in the vitamin D, 1.87 and (-5.49,9.23), HOMA-IR 0.09 and (-.023,0.05) and insulin sensitivity, 0.24 and (-0.75,0.26), respectively. The overall results of this study showed that the meta-analysis, vitamin D and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients is effective and HOMA-IR is not effective on patients with diabetes.

Health care workers play a major role in regard with the training of healthy life style to different groups in the society, who are considered as a suitable model of observing a healthy life style. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine the healthy lifestyle of health care workers in Andimeshk. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, all the health care workers (n=170) were selected through census sampling method. The standard questionnaire of Health promotion lifestyle profile II (HPLPII) was used in order to gather the study data, which then were analyzed by SPSS software (ver,19) using descriptive statistical tests, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, as well as Pearson correlations coefficient. The mean age of participants was 36.25±7.06 years. 73.2% 0f the health care workers in this study were married and 26.8% were males. The total mean HPLP was 130 ±15.34. In addition, health responsibility obtained the highest score, whereas the physical activity received the lowest score. A statistically significant correlation was detected between HPLP aspects and demographic factors (p>0.05). However, there was a statistically significant relationship between gender and nutrition(p=0.005), marital status and interpersonal relations (p=0.005), BMI and interpersonal relations(p=0.005), work background and spiritual growth (p=0.016). The findings of the present study revealed that health-promoting behaviors were reported at an average level within health care workers. As a result, planning seems to be necessitated in regard with improving and promoting lifestyle of this important group of workers, who play a very significant role in the health promotion of the society.

Azo groups of dyes used widely for coloring yarn. Methylene blue is one of this group's dyes therefore with benzene rings in its structure caused the toxicity and its persistence in the environment. So that the its deficiency of proper treatment can cause the irreparable damage to the environment. One of the ways to removal these dyes from natural sources are absorbed by the absorbent. So the aim of this study is Kinetic and isotherm study of methylene blue adsorption by powdered pumice from the aquatic environment. Adsorption process was investigated in vitro at neutral pH, a constant concentration of dye and adsorbent dosage. The residual concentration of the dye solution through adsorption was measured at a wavelength nm 665 by using a spectrophotometer (Cary 50 manufacturers of Perkin Elmer). In order to understand how to adsorption, obtained data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harikens-jura and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms and Pseudo –first –order, Pesedo – second – order, Intraparticle diffusion and Elovich Kinetics. Results showed that in the between of five isotherm models, the adsorption process is most obeyed of Harikens-jura isotherm (R2=0.9914). Also the adsorption process has appropriate obeyed of both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms (R2=0.9633 and R2=0.9365) and it is means that the adsorption process occurs in a mono- layer and multi-layer. The low of mean free energy (E= 0.323 KJ/mol) in Dubinin-Radushkevich showed that the physical absorption process is dominant adsorption. Also adsorption process is obeyed of pseudo – second – order model. According to the results, can say Methylene blue adsorption multi -layer is most occurs than mono- layer and the pumice is the effectiveness adsorbent for removal methylene blue dye (RL=0.2).

Today, increased life expectancy, reduced mortality rates, and improved health conditions caused to an increase in number of elderly people, as one of the vulnerable groups in the society. On the other hand, food security is one of the necessary prerequisites for the health of the elderly people. Therefore, the present study intended to investigate the food security status of the elderly people as well as its related factors. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 consisting of 300 elderly people of Arak city. The study data were collected through FaCPS-FSSM food security questionnaire validated for the elderly via conducting interviews. In order to analyze the study data, SPSS software was utilized applying Chi square test, independent t–test, Pearson's correlation and regression. The results of the present study revealed that 39.3% of the elderly people had a full food security, 29 % reported food insecurity without hunger, 20.7% showed moderate food insecurity and 11% had severe food insecurity. Moreover, a significant relationship was detected between education level, occupation, marital status, body mass index, disease and household dimension with the food security (p <%5). Considering that close to 60.7% of the studied elderly revealed some degree of food insecurity as well as the various factors significantly associated with this problem in the present study, this problem in this level of vulnerable population demonds to be attended more than ever.

If managers want workers who go beyond expectations, willingly do acts which is not part of the official duties of their job, and generally have high organizational citizenship behavior, They should have fair treatment of employees in the workplace. Thus, this study aimed to examine the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior in staffs of Baharan psychiatry hospital in Zahedan. In this descriptive – correlational study, 65 questionnaires was distributed among staffs of Baharan psychiatry hospital via random sampling. The study instruments consisted of organizational justice questionnaire (Nieohoff and Moorman,1993) as well as organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire (Podaskoof et al.,1990). In order to analyze the study data, the Spearman correlation coefficient and multiple regression was applied via SPSS Software (ver.17). Staffs’ perception of organizational justice situation was reported relatively favorable, who demonstrated favorable organizational citizenship behavior. A significant positive correlation was detected between organizational justice (and its three dimensions) and organizational citizenship behavior. Furthermore, multiple regression results demonstrated that out of three dimensions of organizational justice, distributive and interactional justice can explain and predict the organizational citizenship behavior. The findings of present study revealed that since the positive role of organizational justice was demonstrated organizational citizenship behavior, training courses necessitate to be held in the managers familiarize in regard with the principles of organizational justice human interaction and the way to implement them in the organizations.

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) has been utilized as a catalyst in polyethylene terephtalate (PET) production, and the studies conducted on the bottled water has demonstrated that antimony can be leached from PET bottles into drinking water. In this study, a simple method was applied in order to determine the trace amount of antimony in bottled drinking water based on preconcentration /solid phase extraction. The nano alumina modified with Schiff base ligand was used in regard with Sb preconcentration. The experiments were performed in a continuous system and HCI was used as eluent of Sb ion. Several chemical and flow variables were optimized for a quantitative preconcentration and determination of Sb ion. The atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine Sb ion concentration. In order to study the keeping conditions on the leaching of Sb ion from PET plastic, drinking water bottles were kept in different conditions(room temperature, sunny light and -18˚C). The calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.5 to 15.0 ppm Sb with detection limit of 0.055 ppm. The flow rate of sample was optimized in range of 1.0-9.0 mLmin-1 and Sb ion can be quantitatively eluted at 90 Vsample: Veluent retio. The study results revealed that the modified nano alumina is an effective sorbent in regard with absorbing Sb ion from water and HCI 1M can be used as an appropriate eluent. Maximum leaching of Sb ion is observed when the bottled drinking water was exposed to the sun light.

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is regarded as one of the most prevalent diseases in all countries of the world. Self-care is one of the important aspects in treatment of hemodialysis patients. Therefore, self- care training demands to be taken into consideration in the patient's health programs in the hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of self-care behavior training as well as its benefits and barriers on patients undergoing hemodialysis. In this experimental study, 40 cases and 40 controls were selected out of hemodialysis patients via random sampling method in 2013, who were hospitalized in two hospitals of Imam Reza in Amol and Imam khomeini in Noor that are dependent on Mazandaran University of Medical sciences. The intervention group patients were trained in three sessions of 25-30 minutes. The study data were collected before and after the intervention using the questionnaires and interview. Moreover, SPSS software (ver.18) was applied to analyze the study data via using correlation coefficient, regression, Anova analysis and T-test. After the training intervention, hemodialysis self-care scores as well as self-care benefits significantly increased, whereas the self-care constraints decreased significantly in the intervention group. However, the control group revealed no significant changes in regard with these variables. The study findings demonstrated that the training program implemented in this study improved the patient's self- care behaviors and created a positive perception of self- care benefits and barriers. As a result, doctors and nurses in dialysis wards, utilizing this training procedure, can play an effective role in improving the patient's self-care behaviors, promoting their health, as well as increasing their quality and length of life

Knee Osteoarthritis is the most common age-related causes of knee pain which can induce disability, disablement and reduced quality of life. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine attitudes and self-care behaviors of knee osteoarthritis patients referred to three Rheumatology Clinical Centers in Yazd. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 235 patients referred to Health Care Centers of Yazd who were selected randomly. In order to glean the study data, a researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized probing into demographic variables as well as patient's attitudes and self-care behaviors. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were approved, as well. The study data were analyzed applying SPSS software (ver. 18) via T-Test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient at 0.05 of the significant level. The participant's mean age and Mean BMI were reported 54.90±9.15 and 28.8±4.61, respectively. Mean score of patient's attitude toward self-care was 47.4±3.95 out of 55 and the mean score of their self-care behaviors was 43.11±5.75 out of 60, which the both scores were at a moderate level. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation was detected between attitude and self-care behaviors (p=0.01). Within different self-care behaviors, participant's attitude towards the positive effect of using crutches while walking was at the lowest level. Meanwhile, according to the patient's attitude, using crutches was demonstrated to have the least performance within the self-care behaviors. Based on the findings of the present study, the attitude level can cause an increase in the patient's self-care behaviors. Moreover, since the participant's attitude towards such behaviors as using crutches, using pool and weight loss were at a low level, interventional programs are recommended to emphasize the mentioned issues.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the progressive and chronic disorders of the central nervous system with various symptoms.this symptoms has negative affected on quality of life. this study designed to measure to examine the quality of life in Yazd MS Association. This was a descriptive and cross-sectional survey on members of Yazd MS Associatoin.108 patients with MS randomly were selected from all MS patient who refferd to Yazd MS Association. Demographic data was recorded. they filled out Multiple Sclerosis quality of life-54 Questionnair. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software by descriptive statistics, T-Test, Pearson a nd Spearman correlation coefficient. The mean age of participants was(34.27±9.31) years.The highest and lowest scores among 14 subscalees were related to social function(61.45±25.57) and role limitations due to physical problems(34.37±37.64), respectively. The mean scores of dimentions of overall quality of life in physical health and mental health were(49.29±12.87) and (38.38±20.62) respectively. There were no significant different between males and females in physical health and mental health(p≥0.05). Pearsons correlation indicated a positive relationship between physical health and mental health(p≤0.05). Inverse correlation were seen between age, disease duration with overall quality of life scores in tow areas (p≤0.05). In this study, the quality of life was lower than average among Multiple sclerosis patients in Yazd MS Association. MS affected all aspect of a persons life negatively. Thus it is important to provide comperhencive services to improve the quality of life of these patients.

Allicin is extracted from Garlic, and can attach to the tiol groups of proteins by tiosulfanate group. This attachment leads to damage of various proteins and enzymes of microbes, and can affect wide spectrum of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The aim of this study was to investigate the stability, toxicity and antimicrobial effect of allicin solution. First, serial concentrations of allicin solution were prepared, and exposed to suspension of standard isolates of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, andPsodomonasaerogina) and fungi (Aspergillusnige rand Candida albicans).The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC50 and MIC90) of this compound against each isolate was determined. To evaluate the toxicity of allicin solution, the suspension of skin cells of Balb/C mice was prepared, and incubated with serial concentrations of allicin for 6, 12 and 24 h. Then, cell viability was calculated by MTT assay, based on control. To evaluate stability of allicin solution,some pieces of sterilized marble were prepared, and their surfaces were treated with the solution of allicin. After 6, 12 and 24 h,marbles were sampled, inoculated on the nutrient agar, and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. Finally, the number of colonies grown on each plate was counted. The micro-dilution test showed that allicin solution had antimicrobial effecton the all bacterial and fungal isolates which studied. This study also showed that the toxicity of allicin solution slightly dependent on the time and concentration, but increase the time until 24 h had nota significant impact on the reducing of stability. The allicin solution has antimicrobial activity and its toxicity is negligible. Also, this material has high stability in the environmental conditions.

The sense of sight is one of the most vital human senses and help the environment gets most of its information. Whatever one's job is more subtle, more work will be given brightness. Good lighting, increase work efficiency and general physiological effects on people's moods. The relationship between low and high frequency illumination accidents there This study was conducted in 10 workshops in Yazd home knitting. Due to maximize natural lighting measurements in June and November this year took place in cloudy days. Thus, in both seasons overall lighting, natural and artificial, were evaluated. That, in order to measure all the natural light, artificial light sources (lamps) and the measurements were off by clarifying re-lamp, the overall lighting (natural and artificial) were measured. In order to measure the general lighting provided by the Illuminating Engineering society and stop the pattern surfaces were used. The workshops with less than standard lighting conditions were identified and interventions to improve the brightness of the workshops were measured again. Average, minimum and maximum overall brightness of spring workshops 4 and 6 respectively, with values of 67/278 and 53/452 is a luxury. Workshops values 5 and 2 47/184 and 43/218 minimum and maximum luxury in order to be daylight in spring. The majority of the studied weaving Workshops lighting was good, with measures such as proper installation and periodic cleaning and dust lamps, replacement lamps burned by use of fluorescent ambient lighting conditions can be improved.

the enjoyment of the religious belief and the idea of mental disorders and important role in reducing stress. So this study investigated the relationship between religious orientation and inclination to think critically and Coping with Stress in the Faculty of Humanities graduate students of Yazd University was conducted. statistical community research includes 1617 students graduate from the University of Yazd, which according to Morgan- Krejci Table the number of 300 students of faculty of humanity for example, chosen with equally classification random sampling method. to measure the research variables we used Allport religious oriented questionnaire, Ricketts questionnaire of disposition critical thinking and the coping Inventory for Stressful Situations of Andler and Parker. Data analysis using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. first between internal religious orientation and second between external religious orientation with problem focused coping style and also observed a positive and medium correlation between disposition critical thinking and problem-focused coping style in students. Among the factors of disposition critical thinking, there was a significant and positive correlation between innovation and mental maturity factors with problem-focused ciping style, and mental occupation factor first with problem-focused coping style and then with avoidant coping style and in reverse there was a significant negative correlation between mental factor with avoidant and emotional coping styles. among five anticipant variables, respectively, there was a direct relationship between mental occupation, internal and external religious orientations in anticipation of problem-focused coping style, a reverse relationship between internal religious orientations and mental maturity in anticipation of emotional coping style, a direct relationship between external religious orientations and mental occupation in anticipation of avoidant coping style, and finally a reverse relationship between innovation and mental maturity in anticipation of avoidant coping style. with respect to our research findings, it is possible to increase student’s utilization of efficient coping style facing stressful events through education of critical thinking and internalization of religious.

Leishmaniasis is among top ten infectious diseases in the world, including the three diseases is important that the development of vaccines, medicines and insecticides is difficult to control it. The aim of in this study was Effect of direct electricity current on viability of Leishmania (L) tropica promastigotes: an In vitro study. Leishmania (L) tropica [MHOM / IR / NADIM3] to an appropriate level in NNN medium and RPMI1640 culture and promastigotes was prepared both stationary and logarithmic phases. The effects of the direct current from the electrodes 2 or 4 cm Leishmania parasite when staining the size of 1 × 1/5 cm in a arose gel and the parasites create both stationary and logarithmic phases were separate. Electrodes are 2 or 4 cm, and when the voltage in the order of 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 was applied to the electrodes at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 70 minutes. Mean number of live promastigotes stationary and logarithmic stages when the distance between the electrodes was 2 cm to voltage 2/5, 3/5 and 4/5 compared with promastigotes in the control group showed significant differences (P=0.003). Also mean number of live promastigotes static stage when the distance between the electrodes was 4 cm to voltage 2/5 and 3/5 V was not significant (P=0.148). And 3/5 and 4/5 volts for voltage are not significant (P>0.05), the mean number of live promastigotes logarithmic stage when the distance between the electrodes was 4 cm, the voltage difference between the number of parasites for 2/5 and 3/5 V Not significant (P=0.725). The electrodes are more sensitive and dynamic stage promastigotes lower and higher voltage electric current effect on growth control well.